Variación métrica inter e intraespecífíca de Melipona beecheii, M. solani y M. yucatanica  de Guatemala: lnter and intraspecific Metric variation of Melipona beecheii, M, solani and M. lacatunica of Guatemala.

M. Garcia

doi:10.54495/Rev.Cientifica.v21i2.128

Authors

M. Garcia Laboratorio de Entomología Aplicada y Parasitología, Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54495/Rev.Cientifica.v21i2.128

Keywords:

Melipona, Traditional Morphometry, Interspecific analysis, Intraspecific differences

Abstract

Intra and interspecific morphological variation of Melipona beechei, M. solani and M. yucatanica from Guatamala.

The main purpose of the study was to analyze the morphometrics variations of the heads and right forewings of the three species of Guatemalan stingless bees of the genus Melipona. We used multivariate statistical analyses at intraspecific and interspecific levels to evaluate Melipona beecheii, M. solani and M. yucatanica populations.

A total of 305 specimens of the LENAP's entomological collection were used. These adult female workers were collected at different localities (meliponaries) across Guatemala. From each of the localities 10 heads and right forewing were dissected and scanned, and we pointed 14 homologous landmarks of the head and 12 landmarks of the wings for the traditional morphometry analysis.

The results at interspecific level showed significant head and wing shape differences between the three species, supporting the previous taxonomic classification of the stingless bees of Guatamala in M. beecheii, M. solani and M. yucatanica (Ayala, 1999). The intraspecific comparisons showed distinct patterns of differences: M. beecheii showed no significant differences, suggesting a strong colonies movement across the country since the Mayan civilization and still moving until the present day, and some degree of gene flow between neighboring localities. Within M. solani and M. yucatanica there is a separation between populations from different geographic origins. Population from Nuevo Progreso, San Marcos, formed a separate subcluster in the case of M. solani, and two populations from Jutiapa reveal significcant differences. Ecological local adaptations could be responsible for these morpholoical divergences.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Araujo, ED, Costa, M, Chaud-Netto, J and Fowler, HG. (2004). Body Size and Flight Distance in Stingless Bees (Hymenoptera: Meliponini): Tnterence of Flight Range and Possible Ecological Implications. Braz. J. Bioi. 64(3B), 563-568. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842004000400003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842004000400003

Ayala, R, Griswold, TL y Bullock, SH. (1992). Las abejas nativas de México. En Ramamomty. TP, Bye, R Lot, AF (eds). Biological Diversity of Mexican Otigin and Distribution (pp: 179-227). México.

Ayala, R. (1999). Revision de las abejas sin aguijón de México (Hymenoptera; Apidae; Nleliponini). Folia Entomoh)gica, 106, 1-123

Biesmeijer, JC. (1997). Abejas sin aguijón: su biologia y la organizaci6n de la colmcna . .Elinkwijk BV, Utrecht. Holanda.

Biesmeijer, JC. Richter, JAP, Smeets MA and Sommeijer. MJ. (1999). Niche differentiation in nectar-collecting stingless bees: the influence of morphology, floral choice and interference competition. Ecological Entomology, 24, 380-388. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2311.1999.00220.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2311.1999.00220.x

Brückner, D. ( 1976). The Influence of Genetic Variability on Wing Symmetry in Honeybees (Apis mellijfera). Evolution, 30 ( 1), 100-108. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1976.tb00886.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1976.tb00886.x

Carrillo. A, Quezada-Euim, JIG y Moo-Valle. H. (2001). Estudio preliminar sobre la variabilidad morfologica de Melipona beecheii (Apidae: Meliponini) en su rango de distribucion de México, América Central y El Caribe. En 11 Seminario Mexicano sobre Abejas sin Aguijón. Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, México.

Cortopassi-Laurino, M, Imperatriz-Fonseca, VL, Roubik, DW, Dollin, A, Heard, T, Aguilar, I, Venturieri, GC, Eardley, C y Nogueira-Nelo, P. (2006). Global Meliponiculture: challenges and opportunities. Apidologie, 3 7, 27 5-292. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2006027 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2006027

Cunningham, SA. (2000). Depressed Pollination in Habitat Fragments Causes Low Fruit Set. Proc. R. Soc. Lond.) 67, 1149-1152. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2000.1121 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2000.1121

DaiToch, JN & Mossiman, JE. (1985). Canonical and principal components of shape. Biometrika, 72, 241-252. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/72.2.241 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/72.2.241

DaSilva, CM, Evangelista-Rodrigues, A, Go is, GC, Souza, DN, Sotl7.a, DL y Carrazzoni, PS. (2007). Estudo dos padroes morfometricos da especie de abelha Melipona scutellaris (uruçu) situada nos municipios de Areia (PB) e Tgarassu (PE). Em Anais Congresso Associação brasileira de zootecnistas, Zootee.

Delaplane, KS. y Mayer, DF. (2000) . Crop Pollination By Bees. CABl Publishing. USA. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851994482.0008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851994482.0008

De la Rua, P. May-Itza: WJ, Scnano, J y QuezadaEuan. (2007). Sequence and RYLP analysis of the 1TS2 ribosomal DNA in two neotropical social bees, Melipona beecheii and Melipona yucatanica (Apidae. Meliponini). Insect. Soc. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00040-007-0962-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00040-007-0962-5

Dujardin, JP & LePont, F. (2000). Morphometries of a neotropical sandfly subspecies, Lutzomia carrerai thula. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Life Sciences, 323, 273-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0764-4469(00)00116-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0764-4469(00)00116-5

Dujardin, JP. (2002). TET. Unite de Recherches 062, Institut de Recherches pour le Dcvcloppement-IRD-Francia.

Engels W. y Imperatriz-Fonseca V.L. (1990). Caste development, reproductive strategies and control of fertility in honeybees and stingless bees. In Engels W. (Ed.). Social Insects: an evolutionary approach to castes and reproduction. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp166- 230. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74490-7_9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74490-7_9

Enriquez, E, Yurrita, C, Aldana, C, Ocheita, J. Jauregui, R y Chau, P. (2005) . Conocimiento tradicional acerca de Ia biologia y manejo de abejas nativas sin aguijón en Chiquimula. Agricultura, 69, 27-30.

Enriquez, E. y Maldonado-Aguilera, C. (200g). Miel de abejas nativas de Guatemala. Dirccción General de lnvestigación DIGl--, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala.

Francoy, TM, Silva, RAO, Nunes-Silva, P, Menezes, C and lmperatriz-Fonseca, VL. (2009). Gender identification of five genera of stingless bees (Apidae, Meliponini) based on wing morphology. Genetics and Molecu lar Research, 8 (1), 207-214. https://doi.org/10.4238/vol8-1gmr557 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4238/vol8-1gmr557

Janzen, D. (1971 ). Euglossine Bees as Long -Distance Po11inators of Tropical Plants. Science, 171, 203-205. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.171.3967.203 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.171.3967.203

Jaramillo, N y Dujardin, JP. (2002). Análisis Morfométrico: significado biológico del tamaño y la conformación. Colombia. Jaramillo y Dujardin.

Heard, TA. (1999). The Role of Stingless Bees in Crop Pollination. Annu. Rev. Entomol., 44, 183-206. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.44.1.183 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.44.1.183

Klingenberg, CP. (1996) Multivariate allometry. In LF Marcus, M Conti, A Loy, GJ Naylor, DE Slice (Eds.) Advances in morphometrics, NATO ASI Series A: Life Sciences. New York, USA. Volume 284, pp 23-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9083-2_3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9083-2_3

Kremen, C., Williams, NM. y Thorp R.W. (2002). Crop pollination from native bees at risk from agricultural intensification. PNAS, 99(26), 104-110. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.262413599 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.262413599

May-Itzá, WJ., Quezada-Euán, JJG, Enriquez, E and De la Rúa, P. (2009). Intraspecific variation in the stingless bee Melipona beecheii assessed with PCR-RFLP of the ITS1 ribosomal DNA. Apidologie, 40, 549-555. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009036 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009036

Michener, CD. (1974). The social behavior of the bees: a comparative study. Harvard University Press.

Michener, CD. (2000). The Bees of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore, MD, USA.

Nunes, LA, de Araújo, ED, Lopes de Carvalho, CA & Waldschmidt, AM. (2008). Population Divergence of Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Endemic to the Semi-arid Region of the State of Bahia, Brazil. Sociobiology, 52(1), 81-93.

Quezada-Euán, JJ, Paxton, RJ, Palmer KA, Itzá, W de J, Tay, WT & Oldryod, BP. (2007). Morphological and molecular charaacters reveal differentiation in a Neotropical social bee, Melipona beecheii (Apidae: Meliponini). Apidologie, 38, 247-258. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2007006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2007006

Rohlf, J. (1990). Morphometrics. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 21, 299-316. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.21.110190.001503 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.21.110190.001503

Rohlf, J. (2008). tpsDig Version 2.12 Ecology & Evolution. State University of New York. Stony Brook. New York. USA.

Roubik, DW and Aluja, M. (1983). Flight ranges of Melipona and Trigona in Tropical Forest. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 56(2), 217-222.

Ruttner, F. (1988). Biogeography and taxonomy of Honeybees. Springer-Verlag. New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72649-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72649-1

Sung, I-H., Yamane. S.. Ho. K.K., Wu. W.-J. and Chcn, Y-W. (2004). Morphological caste and sex differences in the Taiwanese stingless bee Trigona ventralis hoozana (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Entomological Science, 7, 263-269. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-8298.2004.00072.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-8298.2004.00072.x