Morphometry of wild and domestic populations of the main vector of Chagas disease in Guatemala, Triatoma dimidiata (Hemiptera; Reduviidae; Triatominae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54495/Rev.Cientifica.v16i1.234Keywords:
Morphometry, Main vector, Chagas disease, Guatemala, Triatoma Dimidiata, Hemiptera; Reduviidae; TriatominaeAbstract
The possible existence of intraspecies metric differences in Triatoma dimidiata was evaluated by comparing populations using morphometry as a phenotypic marker. Traditional and geometric morphometry methods were applied to metric characters of the left hemelitron (wing) and the head of 168 insects from six locations in Guatemala. The results showed that there is differentiation in size and shape, revealing three groups depending on the ecotope: (a) insects from human dwellings, (b) insects from the Petén jungle, (c) insects from caves in Alta Verapaz. On a univariate basis, low differentiation was found between geographically close groups (Mann-Whitney U test), interesting patterns in the characters of the Alta Verapaz group (Guillaumin profiles) and greater variability in the Petén group (variance relationships). With traditional morphometry techniques, significant differences were found (Wilks' Lambda ~ 0, sig. < 0.05; Kappa 0.48 - 0.67, sig. < 0.05), between domestic and wild groups, but not between domestic. The Alta Verapaz group differed unequivocally from the rest in the shape of its wing and head. The application of the size correction technique showed differentiation between the Petén group and the domestic groups, but only in the shape and conformation of the head. Geometric morphometry techniques produced identical results to the traditional one, confirming the differentiation of Petén by the conformation of the head; additionally, they revealed that for Petén, the head is smaller, shorter and wider. The results indicate that: (a) the groups of domestic insects in Guatemala could be constituting a set of subpopulations connected by the dispersion of individuals (a metapopulation); (b) Triatoma dimidiata from Petén possibly has genetic differences from domestic groups. The domestic and wild groups of T. dimidiata in Guatemala could be in the process of constituting "ecological species", since they present morphological differences due to adaptation to different environments and in the future they could follow different evolutionary destinies. The data suggest that domestic groups are genetically simpler and therefore more vulnerable to insecticides. The wild group of the Petén could gain greater vectorial importance, as the Petén forests are colonized by humans.
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