"Genetic Variability of Detriatoma Dimidiata (Latreille 1811) in Three Wild Atlantic Populations and Three Domestic Pacific Populations of Guatemala, Using the Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Technique"
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54495/Rev.Cientifica.v17i1.219Keywords:
Genetic variability, Detriatoma Dimidiata, Wild Atlantic populations, Domestic Pacific populations, Random Amplification Polymorphic DNA TechniqueAbstract
Six populations of Triatoma dimidiata,
using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) as a genetic marker, to determine the genetic variability between and within those populations. The beaked bug, as this species is commonly known, is of great epidemiological importance in Latin America and especially in the Central American region, as it is the main vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causal agent of Chagas disease.
To carry out this study, six sites were selected.
sampling in the Republic of Guatemala. Three of them were located on the Atlantic slope and the remaining three on the Pacific slope, corresponding to wild and domestic habitat, respectively. The sampling sites on the Atlantic slope were: Alta Verapaz (Lachuá and Lanquín), El Petén (Yaxhá Archaeological Site); and on the Pacific slope: Escuintla (Puerto de San José), Santa Rosa (Santa María Ixwatán, Aguazarca) and Jutiapa (El Carrizal).
In preliminary studies, 11 PCR primers were evaluated. Four of them (H3, Ll, L4 and L5 from Operon) generated strong and reproducible bands. These initiators or primers were used to amplify the DNA of T. dimidiata in the present study. A total of 35 polymorphic bands (loci) with intermediate frequencies (0.1 < p < 0.6), were generated with the four pairs of primers, with an average of 8.75 bands per primer.
The results obtained show genetic distances (D'N) that range between 0.040 and 0.254 between the T. dimidiata populations studied. Likewise, the fixation indices (Fst) calculated, 0.246 (with Lanquín) and 0 . 1 7 1 (without Lanquín), suggest a substructuring of the populations. These are differentiated from each other, but still belong to the same species.
Removing Lanquín from the analysis made it possible to highlight its isolated and inbred character, constituting a population of little interest for control. These results reflect the presence of a genetic flow between the populations (except probably with Lanquín), which prevents the fixation of some of the alleles and their reproductive isolation. The latter indicates that special attention should be paid to disease control, because the presence of flux implies the inability to eradicate the species. Wide coverage should be given to the vector eradication program in regions where populations are slightly genetically differentiated, that is, between which there is possibly a migratory flow, to avoid reinfestation of homes, eventually from wild sources not treated.
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