Prevalencia de VIH e Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual y factores de riesgo asociados en mujeres trabajadoras del sexo en Escuintla, Guatemala

Autores/as

  • C. Alvarez Fundació Sida i Societal, Barcelona, Catalunya
  • M. Sabidó Fundació Sida i Societal, Barcelona, Catalunya
  • J. Monzón Fundació Sida i Societal, Escuintla
  • G. Hernández Fundació Sida i Societal, Escuintla
  • X. Vallés Fundació Sida i Societal, Escuintla
  • J. Casabona CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54495/Rev.Cientifica.v20i1.145

Palabras clave:

infecciones de transmisión sexual, VIH, mujeres trabajadoras del sexo, factores de riesgo, Guatemala

Resumen

Determinar la prevalencia de VIH y otras infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) e identificar factores de riesgo asociados entre mujeres trabajadoras del sexo (MTS) de Escuintla, Guatemala, entre junio 2009 y febrero 2010.

Se reclutaron 612 MTS con mediana de edad de 26 años, que consultaron en clínicas de ITS de centros de atención primaria públicos de Escuintla. Las participantes fueron entrevistadas sobre características sociodemográficas, conductas de riesgo y se tomaron muestras orofaringeas, ginecológicas y sanguíneas para 1TS/VIH. Para identificar los factores de riesgo de sufrir al menos una ITS/V1H se construyó un modelo multivariable en el que se incluyeron las variables asociadas significativamente en el análisis bivariable y aquellas de relevancia clínica.

La prcvalencia estimada de VIH fue 2,2%, sífilis 4.8%, Chlamydia 5,6%. tricomoniasis 9.5%, gonococo cervical 0.9% y gonococo orofaringeo 0%. En el análisis multivariado, un mayor tiempo de seguimiento en las visitas de cribado semestral de las clínicas de ITS y la práctica del sexo orogenital con parejas estables anteriores, se observaron como factores protectores de presentar al menos una ITS (20,7% de las MTS); la práctica de duchas vaginales y la alteración de cérvix en la exploración física fueron factores de riesgo.

La prevalencia de ITS, VIH entre MTS fue sustancial mente alta, excepto de gonococo, reflejando posiblemente el bajo nivel de microorganismo circulando y su susceptibilidad al tratamiento actual. Es necesario promocional’ el cribaje regular de ITS/ VIH c incluir la higiene vaginal en ios mensajes de prevención para disminuir el riesgo de infección.

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30-06-2011

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Alvarez, C., Sabidó, M., Monzón, J., Hernández, G., Vallés, X., & Casabona, J. (2011). Prevalencia de VIH e Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual y factores de riesgo asociados en mujeres trabajadoras del sexo en Escuintla, Guatemala. Revista Científica, 20(1), 56–68. https://doi.org/10.54495/Rev.Cientifica.v20i1.145

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