Etnofarmacología de plantas utilizadas por pacientes diabéticos tz’utujiles en Santiago Atitlán, Sololá, Guatemala

Autores/as

  • Fredy Waldemar López-Valenzuela Escuela de Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala
  • Jorge Mario Vargas Ponce Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala
  • María Nereida Marroquín Tinti Escuela de Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54495/Rev.Cientifica.v31i1.290

Palabras clave:

medicina tradicional, indígena, ICE, VU, Neurolaena lobata

Resumen

La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 es una afección crónica con una elevada prevalencia en las comunidades rurales e indígenas de Guatemala, en las cuales se ha reportado el uso de plantas medicinales para su tratamiento. Con el propósito de conocer qué plantas son utilizadas en la población para esta afección, se realizó un estudio etnofarmacológico con 36 sujetos de la población tz’utujil de Santiago Atitlán, Sololá, por medio de un análisis antropológico y farmacológico-toxicológico de entrevistas semiestructuradas y cuestionarios abiertos. Se identificaron 19 plantas, y se calculó el índice de consenso de enfermedad (ICE) y el valor de uso (VU) para evaluar el conocimiento y la importancia relativa de cada especie; ambos valores ayudan a comprender la relevancia cultural, es decir, la importancia de las especies medicinales para la población. Las cinco plantas con mayor relevancia cultural fueron Neurolaena lobata R.Br. ex Cass. (ICE=0.4074, VU=0.0084), Artemisia absinthium L. (ICE=0.1481, VU=0.0027), Psidium guajava L. (ICE=0.1111, VU=0.0023), Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch.Bip. (ICE=0.0741, VU=0.0015) y Coffea arabica L. (ICE=0.0741, VU=0.0015). Se determinó que N. lobata y P. guajava tienen un alto potencial para tratar la diabetes, C. arabica y T. parthenium pueden provocar efectos adversos e interacciones con ciertos medicamentos y A. absinthium puede ser peligrosa para su consumo. No obstante, se requieren estudios de los metabolitos secundarios aislados responsables de la actividad antidiabética para establecer dosis seguras, efectos adversos, interacciones y toxicología.

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Publicado

31-12-2022

Cómo citar

López-Valenzuela, F. W. ., Vargas Ponce, J. M. ., & Marroquín Tinti, M. N. . (2022). Etnofarmacología de plantas utilizadas por pacientes diabéticos tz’utujiles en Santiago Atitlán, Sololá, Guatemala. Revista Científica, 31(1). https://doi.org/10.54495/Rev.Cientifica.v31i1.290

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